Hawaiʻi's main volcano chains – the Loa and Kea trends – have distinct sources of magma and unique plumbing systems connecting them to the Earth’s deep mantle, according to research published this week in Nature Geoscience by scientists at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of British Columbia (UBC), and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Lava field on Hawaii Island in November 2011 - Photo by Chuck Denny
This study is the first to conclusively relate geochemical differences in surface lava rocks from both chains to differences in their deep mantle sources, over 1,700 miles below the Earth’s surface, at the core-mantle boundary.
“We now know that by studying oceanic island lavas we can approach the composition of the Earth's mantle, which represents 80 percent of the Earth's volume and is obviously not directly accessible,” said Dominique Weis, Canada Research Chair in the Geochemistry of the Earth’s Mantle and Director of UBC’s Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research. “It also implies that mantle plumes indeed bring material from the deep mantle to the surface and are a crucial means of heat and material transport to the surface.”
The results of this study also suggest that a recent dramatic increase in Hawaiian volcanism, as expressed by the existence of the Hawaiian islands and the giant Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes (which are higher than Mount Everest when measured from their underwater base), is related to a shift in the composition and structure of the source region of the Hawaiian mantle plume. Thus, this work shows, for the first time, that the chemistry of hotspot lavas is a novel and elegant probe of deep earth evolution.
Weis and UBC colleagues Mark Jellinek and James Scoates made the connection by careful fingerprinting of samples of Hawaiian island lavas – generated over the course of five million years – by isotopic analyses. Co-author and University of Massachusetts professor J. Michael Rhodes emphasized that the research included collecting 120 new samples from Mauna Loa, "the largest volcano on Earth,"
”Hawaiian volcanoes are the best studied in the world and yet we are continuing to make fundamental discoveries about how they work,” said co-author and UH Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) volcanologist Michael Garcia.
The next steps for the researchers will be to study the entire length of the Hawaiian chain (which provides lava samples ranging in age from five to 42 million years old) as well as other key oceanic islands to assess if the two trends can be traced further back in time and to strengthen the relationship between lavas and the composition of the deep mantle.
Research support provided by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), NSERC Discovery Grants, and U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
Nature Geoscience: Spatial and temporal variability in Hawaiian hotspot volcanism induced by small-scale convection, DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1328
Content of this press release was co-written with UBC.
Friday, December 2, 2011
Lava fingerprinting reveals differences between Hawaii's twin volcanoes
From Hawaii Reporter: Lava fingerprinting reveals differences between Hawaii's twin volcanoes
Thursday, December 1, 2011
Forget Ziplining; Costa Rica is All About Canyoneering Next to a Volcano
From Jaunted: Forget Ziplining; Costa Rica is All About Canyoneering Next to a Volcano
Canopying goes hand-in-hand with Costa Rica. Maybe it's the allure of the seven volcanoes and the lush flora and fauna they support or the desire to get down and dirty, but visitors to the country often have communing with nature on their minds and we're no different.
Instead of ziplining through the trees and crossing swing bridges on the Caribbean/rainforesty side of the country, however, we were able to go whole hog on the Pacific/dry forest side in the Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park of the Guanacaste region, where canopying combines with ziplining, rappeling, rock climbing, canyoneering and—yes, swing bridges—to make an experience simultaneously exhilarating and exhausting. There's no one word to describe it, but for now "adventure" will just have to do.
It begins easily enough. The lower half of your body is jimmied into harnesses and a helmet buckled onto your head, where nervous sweat is already starting to bead. From base at the Hacienda Guachipelin's Adventure Tours HQ, it's only a 2-minute walk to the first platform, from which you will take the plunge to zoom the longest of 12 ziplines.
All in all, there's those 12 ziplines, 24 platforms, 2 climbing walls, a stop to rappel (upside-down or rightside-up) above the rushing river, Tarzan moments, a swing bridge and some light hiking. It feels awesome while you're getting the grit under your nails and some air time, but bring Icy Hot for the next day, trust us.
Pricing for the Hacienda Guachipelin Adventure tour is $50 per adult/$40 per student/$30 per child, and your hotel can typically arrange the transfers and tours. You don't need to be in American Gladiator shape to go for it, by the way. Every platform has one or two guides to hook you up, answers questions, help out or just calm you down before doing that spider rappel only feet from Class IV rapids.
Pro-tip: While strapping your camera around you works on most parts of the course, don't try to keep your iPhone in your pocket or even bring a bag. Minimal or nothing is the rule here, which is why we don't have any videos of the action. Come prepared with more than a wriststrap, and a plastic baggie in case of rain would be advisable.
Disaster Tourism Update: Chernobyl Shuts Down, Congo Volcano Draws Crowds
From Forbes.com: Disaster Tourism Update: Chernobyl Shuts Down, Congo Volcano Draws Crowds
Less than a year after the Ukrainian government invited visitors to tour the site of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear plant meltdown, a Kiev court has officially ended the practice, according to a brief report by the Voice of Russia. And why would anyone want to tour the site of the worst nuclear disaster in history anyway? It seems disaster tourism—an industry in which a perverse curiosity draws travelers to creepy, scary or depressing disaster sites over beaches, museums or ski slopes—is alive and well. Other popular spots on disaster tourism hit lists:
1. Democratic Republic of Congo: Intrepid explorers are flocking to a corner of this war-ravaged country, where rebel groups still terrorize much of the population. The spectacle tourists have come to witness, though, is a natural one: that of Mount Nyamulagira, in Virunga National Park, which has been erupting since early November. The park is offering tours and overnight tent stays, and now presents the Mikeno Lodge, with 12 thatched-roof bungalows going for $200 to $450 a night.
2. Christchurch, New Zealand: Since it was rocked by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake and endless aftershocks this year, Christchurch has seen its share of visitors who want to view the destruction—via bus, walking or Segway tours around the perimeter of affected areas, notes a report in the New Zealand Herald. In addition, helicopter and small-plane tours are allowing a bird’s-eye view of the damage.
3. New Orleans, LA: “Katrina tours” of areas including the Lower Ninth Ward have become a popular industry since the 2005 hurricane and flooding, and various versions are still on offer, including the Post Katrina Tour via van, Gray Line Hurricane Katrina bus tour and Ninth Ward Rebirth Bike Tours.
4. Japan’s Tohoku region: Since the devastating Tohoku Earthquake, tsunami and subsequent level-7 meltdown at the Fukushima Daiishi nuclear power plant in March, Japanese tourists have been making cross-country treks to the region to snap photos of the mass destruction, with a favorite stop including a lone 200-year-old pine tree in what used to be a forest in Rikezentakata, according to a report in the Telegraph.
5. Ground Zero: It’s been over a decade since the attacks of 9/11, but tourists still flock to Lower Manhattan to stare at the construction zone where it all happened. Guided tours of the area, plus the Tribute WTC Visitor Center, provide focus.
Less than a year after the Ukrainian government invited visitors to tour the site of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear plant meltdown, a Kiev court has officially ended the practice, according to a brief report by the Voice of Russia. And why would anyone want to tour the site of the worst nuclear disaster in history anyway? It seems disaster tourism—an industry in which a perverse curiosity draws travelers to creepy, scary or depressing disaster sites over beaches, museums or ski slopes—is alive and well. Other popular spots on disaster tourism hit lists:
1. Democratic Republic of Congo: Intrepid explorers are flocking to a corner of this war-ravaged country, where rebel groups still terrorize much of the population. The spectacle tourists have come to witness, though, is a natural one: that of Mount Nyamulagira, in Virunga National Park, which has been erupting since early November. The park is offering tours and overnight tent stays, and now presents the Mikeno Lodge, with 12 thatched-roof bungalows going for $200 to $450 a night.
2. Christchurch, New Zealand: Since it was rocked by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake and endless aftershocks this year, Christchurch has seen its share of visitors who want to view the destruction—via bus, walking or Segway tours around the perimeter of affected areas, notes a report in the New Zealand Herald. In addition, helicopter and small-plane tours are allowing a bird’s-eye view of the damage.
3. New Orleans, LA: “Katrina tours” of areas including the Lower Ninth Ward have become a popular industry since the 2005 hurricane and flooding, and various versions are still on offer, including the Post Katrina Tour via van, Gray Line Hurricane Katrina bus tour and Ninth Ward Rebirth Bike Tours.
4. Japan’s Tohoku region: Since the devastating Tohoku Earthquake, tsunami and subsequent level-7 meltdown at the Fukushima Daiishi nuclear power plant in March, Japanese tourists have been making cross-country treks to the region to snap photos of the mass destruction, with a favorite stop including a lone 200-year-old pine tree in what used to be a forest in Rikezentakata, according to a report in the Telegraph.
5. Ground Zero: It’s been over a decade since the attacks of 9/11, but tourists still flock to Lower Manhattan to stare at the construction zone where it all happened. Guided tours of the area, plus the Tribute WTC Visitor Center, provide focus.
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Largest Underwater Volcanoes
From Silicon India News: Largest Underwater Volcanoes
Bangalore: Volcanoes have been a threat to human life and other species existing in the environment as they are unexpected. In the world there are many volcanoes that are active and eruption takes place anytime. Like them there are underwater volcanoes that cause heavy damage to the marine life when erupted.
As technology has developed these volcanic eruptions can be measured before and instructions are passed to avoid further life or property loses. Here are 10 Largest Underwater Volcanoes that are ready to snatch away lives as much as possible with their hot and poisonous gases.
Kolumbo, Santorini Island
This is one of the largest and active underwater volcanoes in the world. This volcano has not seen any major eruptions for long time but is said to be one of the most dangerous one. The active submarine volcano is located in Aegean Sea which is 8km northeast of cape Kolumbo of Santorini Island.
The diameter of the volcano is about 3 km with crater 1.5 km across. The last explosion happened in 1650 where the lava reached the surface of the sea and spread to the shores of Santorini which led to the death of about 70 people and several animals.
Mt Marsili, Europe
Europe’s largest submarine volcano is an active one, the scientists have stated. Mt Marsili is one of Europe’s largest submarine volcanoes which is active according to scientists who have been monitoring it continuously. This mountain rises to an altitude of 9800 feet from the Tyrrhenian Sea bed and can cause large tidal waves in southern Italy if there is an eruption.
Mount Marsili is a 3000-metre high seamount beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea, 150 km south-west of Naples. Marsili is active and recent research has indicated signs of restlessness.
Aleutian Islands, Alaska
The Aleutian Islands are a chain of rugged, volcanic islands curving 1,900 kilometer west from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula and approaching Russia's Komandorski Islands, separate the Bering Sea from the Pacific Ocean. Alaska has 43 of the nation's 53 historically active volcanoes.
The 2,500 km long Aleutian arc is a chain of large calc-alkaline, strato volcanoes with huge calderas. It is responsible for nearly all the historical volcanism of Alaska. Volcanoes on the Aleutian Islands, on the Alaska Peninsula, and in the Wrangell Mountains are part of the "Ring of Fire" that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin.
There are more than 80 potentially active volcanoes in Alaska, about half of which have had at least one eruption since 1760, the date of the earliest written record of eruptions.
Morro Rock in California
Morro Rock is one of a line of ancient volcanic intrusions or sometimes called the Seven Sisters or The Nine Morros, depending on how many of the peaks are included in the count. They are a unique set of landmarks between the city of Morro Bay and the City of San Luis Obispo in California.
Morro Rock and indeed all of the Seven Sisters or The Nine Morros, are all volcanic necks, the rock that solidified in the "piping" of the volcano. It is a 576 feet tall plug of a volcano and is one of the series extending for many miles inland.
Heimaey, Iceland
Heimaey is the largest island in the Vestmannaeyjar group. An eruption began at Heimaey in 1973. A curtain of fire erupted 300-400 metres from Kirkjubair, the most easterly houses in the town. In six months a cone 225meter high was formed and 360 houses buried which is said to be a worst and impactable.
The 1973 eruption on the island of Heimaey is a classic example of the struggle between man and volcanoes. With a large effort the people of Iceland saved the town of Vestmannaeyjar and the country's most important fishing port.
Brothers volcano, New Zealand
Brothers is an active submarine caldera volcano in the Kermadec Arc, 400 km north east of White Island. It is an oval shape about 13 kilometer long and 8 kilometer wide. The 3 kilometer wide summit caldera has very steep walls 300-500 metres high.
The caldera floor is 1850m below sea level, and has a 350 meter high dome within it. The eruptive history, including that of any recent eruptions is still unknown. The crater walls reveal layers of dacite lava flows from which a later eruption has blown out a caldera.
Undersea volcanoes are not monitored by GNS Science, however they are a focus of current exploration. The spectacular minerals and marine life found around active undersea volcanoes may have economic and biotechnology benefits for New Zealand.
Kick ‘em Jenny, Caribbean Sea
Kick 'em Jenny is an underwater volcano 8 kilometer off the northern coast of the island of Grenada in the Caribbean. She has erupted at least 10 times since discovery in 1939 and has provided scientists with a rare opportunity to learn about the growth and gradual development of submarine volcanoes into islands.
The name Kick 'em Jenny is probably a reference to the force with which she erupted in 1939. Then, sizeable rocks were thrown as high as 300meter above the sea's level. Kick 'em Jenny is part of a chain of volcanoes known as the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc.
This arc is associated with a subduction zone at the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Plate. It is the southern-most active volcano in this arc, and is also the only active submarine volcano there. The summit of Kick 'em Jenny lay at 180-190meter below sea level.
Barren Island, Andaman Sea
Barren Island is an effusive as well as explosive stratovolcano in the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean. It is the northernmost active volcano of the great Indonesian arc. The volcano is 3 km in diameter, has restricted public access, and no regular monitoring.
The volcano is known to have been active from 1787, when it produced basalt and basaltic andesite tephra and lava flows from a cinder cone located in a 2 km diameter caldera. The lavas flow into the sea through a breach in the caldera wall on the western side.
Barren Island is the only active volcano in the Indian Subcontinent, located 135 km east of Port Blair, in east Andaman Sea and is a part of Andaman Nicobar chain of islands in the Indian Ocean. The Barren Island lies on the inner arc extending between Sumatra and Myanmar. The volcano consists of a caldera open towards the west, with a central polygenetic vent enclosing at least 5 nested tuff cones.
South Pacific – Vailulu’u
Beneath the waves of the South Pacific lies a volcanic realm. It sits within the crater of a gigantic underwater mountain rising more than 4,500 meters (15,000 feet) from the ocean floor near the island of Samoa. The seamount, called Vailulu'u, is an active volcano, with a 2 mile wide (3.2 kilometer wide) crater.
The volcano rises up more than 16,400 feet from the seabed to within 2,000 feet of the ocean's surface. It is located 45 km east of Ta'u, the easternmost island of the Samoan chain. Vailulu'u is the youngest volcano in the Samoan volcanic chain and it contains an active hydrothermal system.
The volcano's base lies in 4800 m of water and summit is 590 m deep. The total volume of the volcano is 1050 cubic kilometer.
The Rumble III, New Zealand
The 2300meter Rumble III forms part of the Kermadec Ridge, a chain of 30 large underwater volcanoes that ascend from the ocean floor between New Zealand and Tonga. This area has the highest activity of submarine volcanoes. The Rumbles consist of five volcanoes, Rumble I to V.
The Rumble III seamount, the largest of the Rumbles seamount group along the South Kermadec Ridge, rises 2300 meter from the sea floor to within about 200 meter of the sea surface. Rumble III sits on the southern ridge of the Kermadec Arc of about 100 submarine volcanoes.
Rumble III has been the source of several submarine eruptions detected by hydrophone signals. Early surveys placed its depth at 117 meter, and later depths of about 200 meter, 140 meter, and 220 meter.
Bangalore: Volcanoes have been a threat to human life and other species existing in the environment as they are unexpected. In the world there are many volcanoes that are active and eruption takes place anytime. Like them there are underwater volcanoes that cause heavy damage to the marine life when erupted.
As technology has developed these volcanic eruptions can be measured before and instructions are passed to avoid further life or property loses. Here are 10 Largest Underwater Volcanoes that are ready to snatch away lives as much as possible with their hot and poisonous gases.
Kolumbo, Santorini Island
This is one of the largest and active underwater volcanoes in the world. This volcano has not seen any major eruptions for long time but is said to be one of the most dangerous one. The active submarine volcano is located in Aegean Sea which is 8km northeast of cape Kolumbo of Santorini Island.
The diameter of the volcano is about 3 km with crater 1.5 km across. The last explosion happened in 1650 where the lava reached the surface of the sea and spread to the shores of Santorini which led to the death of about 70 people and several animals.
Mt Marsili, Europe
Europe’s largest submarine volcano is an active one, the scientists have stated. Mt Marsili is one of Europe’s largest submarine volcanoes which is active according to scientists who have been monitoring it continuously. This mountain rises to an altitude of 9800 feet from the Tyrrhenian Sea bed and can cause large tidal waves in southern Italy if there is an eruption.
Mount Marsili is a 3000-metre high seamount beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea, 150 km south-west of Naples. Marsili is active and recent research has indicated signs of restlessness.
Aleutian Islands, Alaska
The Aleutian Islands are a chain of rugged, volcanic islands curving 1,900 kilometer west from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula and approaching Russia's Komandorski Islands, separate the Bering Sea from the Pacific Ocean. Alaska has 43 of the nation's 53 historically active volcanoes.
The 2,500 km long Aleutian arc is a chain of large calc-alkaline, strato volcanoes with huge calderas. It is responsible for nearly all the historical volcanism of Alaska. Volcanoes on the Aleutian Islands, on the Alaska Peninsula, and in the Wrangell Mountains are part of the "Ring of Fire" that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin.
There are more than 80 potentially active volcanoes in Alaska, about half of which have had at least one eruption since 1760, the date of the earliest written record of eruptions.
Morro Rock in California
Morro Rock is one of a line of ancient volcanic intrusions or sometimes called the Seven Sisters or The Nine Morros, depending on how many of the peaks are included in the count. They are a unique set of landmarks between the city of Morro Bay and the City of San Luis Obispo in California.
Morro Rock and indeed all of the Seven Sisters or The Nine Morros, are all volcanic necks, the rock that solidified in the "piping" of the volcano. It is a 576 feet tall plug of a volcano and is one of the series extending for many miles inland.
Heimaey, Iceland
Heimaey is the largest island in the Vestmannaeyjar group. An eruption began at Heimaey in 1973. A curtain of fire erupted 300-400 metres from Kirkjubair, the most easterly houses in the town. In six months a cone 225meter high was formed and 360 houses buried which is said to be a worst and impactable.
The 1973 eruption on the island of Heimaey is a classic example of the struggle between man and volcanoes. With a large effort the people of Iceland saved the town of Vestmannaeyjar and the country's most important fishing port.
Brothers volcano, New Zealand
Brothers is an active submarine caldera volcano in the Kermadec Arc, 400 km north east of White Island. It is an oval shape about 13 kilometer long and 8 kilometer wide. The 3 kilometer wide summit caldera has very steep walls 300-500 metres high.
The caldera floor is 1850m below sea level, and has a 350 meter high dome within it. The eruptive history, including that of any recent eruptions is still unknown. The crater walls reveal layers of dacite lava flows from which a later eruption has blown out a caldera.
Undersea volcanoes are not monitored by GNS Science, however they are a focus of current exploration. The spectacular minerals and marine life found around active undersea volcanoes may have economic and biotechnology benefits for New Zealand.
Kick ‘em Jenny, Caribbean Sea
Kick 'em Jenny is an underwater volcano 8 kilometer off the northern coast of the island of Grenada in the Caribbean. She has erupted at least 10 times since discovery in 1939 and has provided scientists with a rare opportunity to learn about the growth and gradual development of submarine volcanoes into islands.
The name Kick 'em Jenny is probably a reference to the force with which she erupted in 1939. Then, sizeable rocks were thrown as high as 300meter above the sea's level. Kick 'em Jenny is part of a chain of volcanoes known as the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc.
This arc is associated with a subduction zone at the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Plate. It is the southern-most active volcano in this arc, and is also the only active submarine volcano there. The summit of Kick 'em Jenny lay at 180-190meter below sea level.
Barren Island, Andaman Sea
Barren Island is an effusive as well as explosive stratovolcano in the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean. It is the northernmost active volcano of the great Indonesian arc. The volcano is 3 km in diameter, has restricted public access, and no regular monitoring.
The volcano is known to have been active from 1787, when it produced basalt and basaltic andesite tephra and lava flows from a cinder cone located in a 2 km diameter caldera. The lavas flow into the sea through a breach in the caldera wall on the western side.
Barren Island is the only active volcano in the Indian Subcontinent, located 135 km east of Port Blair, in east Andaman Sea and is a part of Andaman Nicobar chain of islands in the Indian Ocean. The Barren Island lies on the inner arc extending between Sumatra and Myanmar. The volcano consists of a caldera open towards the west, with a central polygenetic vent enclosing at least 5 nested tuff cones.
South Pacific – Vailulu’u
Beneath the waves of the South Pacific lies a volcanic realm. It sits within the crater of a gigantic underwater mountain rising more than 4,500 meters (15,000 feet) from the ocean floor near the island of Samoa. The seamount, called Vailulu'u, is an active volcano, with a 2 mile wide (3.2 kilometer wide) crater.
The volcano rises up more than 16,400 feet from the seabed to within 2,000 feet of the ocean's surface. It is located 45 km east of Ta'u, the easternmost island of the Samoan chain. Vailulu'u is the youngest volcano in the Samoan volcanic chain and it contains an active hydrothermal system.
The volcano's base lies in 4800 m of water and summit is 590 m deep. The total volume of the volcano is 1050 cubic kilometer.
The Rumble III, New Zealand
The 2300meter Rumble III forms part of the Kermadec Ridge, a chain of 30 large underwater volcanoes that ascend from the ocean floor between New Zealand and Tonga. This area has the highest activity of submarine volcanoes. The Rumbles consist of five volcanoes, Rumble I to V.
The Rumble III seamount, the largest of the Rumbles seamount group along the South Kermadec Ridge, rises 2300 meter from the sea floor to within about 200 meter of the sea surface. Rumble III sits on the southern ridge of the Kermadec Arc of about 100 submarine volcanoes.
Rumble III has been the source of several submarine eruptions detected by hydrophone signals. Early surveys placed its depth at 117 meter, and later depths of about 200 meter, 140 meter, and 220 meter.
Saturday, November 26, 2011
Colombia Raises Alert On Possible Galeras Volcano Eruption
From Bernama.com: Colombia Raises Alert On Possible Galeras Volcano Eruption
BOGOTA, Nov 25 (Bernama) -- Colombia's National Geological System (SGN) on Friday has raised the alert level for the Galeras volcano located in the southern province of Narino after several quakes, reported China's Xinhua news agency.
The SGN also has ordered the evacuation of residents living in the vicinity of the slopes of the 4,276-meter high volcano, which sits close to the Colombian border with Ecuador, saying the series of quakes reported during the last 24 hours could be an indicator of an eruption.
SGN Director Martha Calvache said that SGN had raised the alert to level 2, which means that an eruption could happen in the next 48 hours.
In Aug 2010, the volcano erupted and spewed gases, ashes and rocks through a series of explosions.
The Galeras, which is just 9 km from Pasto, the provincial capital of Narino, has been active for years. It turned deadly in January 1993 when a group of geologists who were inspecting one of the craters were all killed by a sudden eruption.
BOGOTA, Nov 25 (Bernama) -- Colombia's National Geological System (SGN) on Friday has raised the alert level for the Galeras volcano located in the southern province of Narino after several quakes, reported China's Xinhua news agency.
The SGN also has ordered the evacuation of residents living in the vicinity of the slopes of the 4,276-meter high volcano, which sits close to the Colombian border with Ecuador, saying the series of quakes reported during the last 24 hours could be an indicator of an eruption.
SGN Director Martha Calvache said that SGN had raised the alert to level 2, which means that an eruption could happen in the next 48 hours.
In Aug 2010, the volcano erupted and spewed gases, ashes and rocks through a series of explosions.
The Galeras, which is just 9 km from Pasto, the provincial capital of Narino, has been active for years. It turned deadly in January 1993 when a group of geologists who were inspecting one of the craters were all killed by a sudden eruption.
Monday, November 21, 2011
New posting schedule
Sorry for the long delay in posting - had some family issues.
The posting schedule for this blog - starting this Wednesday, Nov 23, will be Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Thanks for your patience!
The posting schedule for this blog - starting this Wednesday, Nov 23, will be Monday, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Thanks for your patience!
Friday, November 11, 2011
New amphitheater at Mount St. Helens observatory
From the Seattle Times: New amphitheater at Mount St. Helens observatory
ONGVIEW, Wash. —
Work on an amphitheater at the Johnston Ridge Observatory is nearly completed, just as the volcano visitors' center prepares to shut down Oct. 30 for the winter.
The Daily News reports the amphitheater is part of $600,000 in improvements to the Forest Service observatory this year.
It will seat more than 100 for outdoor presentations about the volcano.
http://mountsthelens.com/
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)